Gross square feet (GSF)Total building area, including private homes plus halls, stairs, walls, mechanical areas and shared/common space.
Net-to-gross efficiencyThe share of gross residential building area that becomes private residential area.
Hard construction costDirect physical construction labor and materials.
Rehabilitation costDirect work required to repair, modernize or convert an existing building.
Soft costsArchitecture, engineering, consultants, legal, administration and other professional/non-physical project costs.
Development fee / marginCompensation or return associated with performing and bearing the development role. It may look different in conventional, nonprofit and resident-led structures.
SDCSystem Development Charge—a one-time development charge tied to added demand on infrastructure/services.
ContingencyA reserve for unforeseen work or estimating error; renovation generally carries greater hidden-condition risk.
Financing carryInterest and related cost while money is tied up before the completed project is producing stable income or ready for permanent financing.
Capital stackAll sources of project money: equity, debt and potentially public/philanthropic support.
NOINet operating income—property income after ordinary operating costs and property taxes/insurance in this model, before debt service and income taxes.
Capitalization rateRental-property market relationship between NOI and property value. Stabilized value = NOI ÷ cap rate in this simplified model.
Stabilized valueEstimated rental-property value after normal occupancy and operations.
Feasibility gapRental stabilized value minus private development cost. A negative number means cost exceeds modeled value.
Break-even rentAverage rent required for rental value to equal modeled private development cost, holding other assumptions constant.
Carrying chargeIn a co-op, the recurring member payment needed to cover the cooperative mortgage, property taxes, insurance, maintenance, reserves and operations.
BaugemeinschaftA resident-led development group in which future occupants collectively take on much of the sponsor/developer role rather than simply buying from a speculative developer.
CohousingA community-design model combining private homes with intentionally shared common spaces and community facilities; it can use many different ownership structures.
Limited-equity co-opA cooperative ownership model that restricts resale gains to preserve affordability over time.
Property taxAn ongoing ownership/operating cost based on taxable assessed value and local taxing-district rates, not a one-time development fee.